INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC STUDIES & CULTURE

The Thought Process Behind Reversion to Islam; A Qualitative Analysis

Hazrat Bilal — 2024-07-04

The choice to embrace Islam, also known as reversion, is in few cases a matter of a single life-altering moment of realization. Instead, it can be better described as a complex process that is influenced by both one’s individual life path and the processes of cognition and socialization. This article explores the lives of those who have converted to Islam to discover aspects relating to the factors that lead up to the conversion. The motivation for conversion is determined from the case analysis and earlier research carried out in the course of the study. It covers how people come across Islam, whether it is as a result of finding themselves or going through a process of finding purpose or a realizing one’s purpose in life. It can then progress to cognitive exploration of the teachings of Islam. Some could be attracted to Islamic doctrine due to rationality in the religion’s tenets, as well as the system of moral values offered by the religion or the social unity the religion brings. Another important component that has an impact on the reversion process is the interactions with other people. Observing the Muslim communities and their practice, being involved in the inter-religion dialogue or perceiving acceptance by the Muslims around plays a role in this regard. Therefore, the study seeks to understand these different facets that define the Islamic conversion process thus: It draws not only the ‘’why’’ of conversion but also paints the ‘’how’’ of the diverse experiences that make a person embrace the faith of Islam.

Keywords: Reversion, Islam, Thoughts Processes, Faith, Social Interactions

Balancing Act: Pakistan's Strategic Navigation of Increasing Reliance on China

Muhammad Naveed Ul Hasan Shah — 2024-07-05

The shifting dynamics of Pakistan’s strategic partnership with China provide a fitting story of diplomacy and international interdependence which could be epitomized in the Pakistan’s official approach known as the ‘Balancing Act’. The development of diplomatic and operational ties with the outside world is key to the understanding and development of Pakistan and therefore as the tangle of these geometries intensify the role that China plays in Pakistan increases in proportions. This paper aims at examining Pakistan’s ability to develop a stronger strategic relationship with China as well as maintain its conventional relations with other states of the world to strike a balance in its diplomacy. Evidently, Pakistan’s main strategy is its socioeconomic reliance on China, which has been exemplified by the CPEC. This multi-billion-dollar infrastructure project improves the connectivity of Pakistan and entangles it further into China’s economic parameter. Nevertheless, during these economic reforms, there are several issues which complicate Pakistan’s positions of strategic independence and state sovereignty, including increasing tensions in South Asia and other parts of the world. Also, Pakistan’s relations with China are not only limited to cooperation in the commercial field but include a strong military cooperation, includes mutual exercise of forces and arms deal. The deployment of these forces is in defense of the country’s interests and also ensures that it is on the same side of the fence as China in the region. However, as Pakistan is aligning itself more and more with China, issues related with the repercussions on other allies and regional countries such as the United States as well as other regional and world powers are apparent, hence, illustrating the concept of the “Balancing Act” that is far from being achieved yet in case of Pakistan’s foreign policy strategy.

Keywords: Pakistan's Strategic Navigation, China’s Influence, CPEC, Balancing Act

The Contract Act 1872 and The Recommendation of Council of Islamic Ideology Pakistan: Legal Experts Prospective

Yasir Munir — 2024-07-06

The Contract Act of 1872 is relatively important in the country, Pakistan particularly because it deals with sets of rules and parameters of the contract and agreements. At the start of the year 2013, the Council of Islamic Ideology Pakistan proposed certain amendments to cover up the Act according to Islam’s Sharia law. This particular recommendation has brought a lot of debate among legal practitioners and Experts, this has created a platform for developing the aspect of the views and stand of the supporters and the opponents of the proposed amendments. This work shall outline the legal structure, based on the Contract Act of 1872 as well as the changes that has been suggested by the Council of Islamic Ideology. Most of the lawyers and jurists are totally against the so-called reform of the Contract Act 1872 of Pakistan and emphasize that these amendments are not required and hence may cause confusion to the existing laws. Some of them state that in the current Act, there is adequate protection of the Islamic values and to undertake any further measures as will cause legal uneasiness and vagueness. In contrast, several lawyers and activists hold the opinion that new changes are necessary to ensure that the law should be compliant with Sharia law, this is because the Pakistan legal framework contains elements of Sharia law. They suggested the present law does not reflect the Islamic view and what the CII stole out is what can supplement the absence. Collectively, while considering the role of the Council of Islamic Ideology, the discussion elucidates that there is a possibility that the expert's and advocates’ viewpoints contribute to the realization of the fact that it is difficult to amend laws at the central level.

Keywords: Legal Experts, the council of Islamic ideology Pakistan, Contract Act 1872, CII, Pakistan.

Parental Relationship and its Impact on Students' Academic Achievement: A Case Study in District Jhang

Shumaim Riaz — 2024-07-06

This case study delves into the correlation between parent-child relationships and academic achievement within District Jhang. Utilizing a convenient sample size of 150 participants, the research examines the nuances of parent-child interactions and their impact on educational outcomes. By analyzing factors such as communication patterns, parental involvement, and emotional support, the study aims to uncover how these dynamics influence academic performance. A quantitative survey design was used to get information through a self-administered questionnaire. The participants of the present study were female students of age ranging between 16 to 18 years from different private schools of Jhang, who were attending 11^th and 12^th classes respectively. The sample consisted of 150 female students from private schools. Through surveys, interviews, and observational data, the research seeks to provide valuable insights into the specific mechanisms through which parent-child relationships affect academic success in District Jhang. The findings of this study are intended to offer practical implications for educators, policymakers, and parents, highlighting the significance of fostering positive parent-child connections to enhance academic achievement.

Keywords: Parent-child relationship, academic achievement, District Jhang, Family structures Supportive familial environments, Educational success, Communication patterns, Parental involvement.

Human Rights Violations in India-Occupied Kashmir, Challenges and Applications for The Region

Muhammad Kamran Khurshied — 2024-07-07

This study explores that Indian government playing with the innocent life of Kashmir valley having high number of human rights violations. The distinctive combination of economic and strategic interest forced the major states to not exert their pressure on Indian government to eradicate the human rights violation in Kashmir valley and should go for a peaceful resolution to eradicate the conflict. The overall situation of Kashmir conflict is badly impacting the stability of South Asia region having two nuclear states are on the edge of war that will obviously destroy the infrastructure and human life. The study uses the theoretical framework of neoclassical realism to properly explain the domestic politics and International Structure in which international communities and Institutions are not paying attention towards the human rights violation in Kashmir and forcing the states to do heinous act. The research objective primarily focuses on analyzing the factors that impacted the human rights, peace and stability of region and to explore the possible factors to address and prevent the human rights violation. The mediation of major states and setting up CBMs to resolve the issue and provide a policy of cooperation, progress and resilience.

Keywords: Kashmir conflict, Human rights violation, Neoclassical realism, South Asia stability, Conflict resolution

The Future of China-Pakistan Strategic Partnership: Implications for The Evolving Gulf Landscape

Abdul Wahab Khan — 2024-07-07

China Pakistan relations can be classified as strategic partnership which has been molded through time and over the decade has expanded not only in the military-acquisition domain but also in the economic front and diplomatic realm. This relationship was anchored on CPEC, which is one of China’s most significant BRI projects; it entails linking Gwadar Port in Pakistan to China’s Xinjiang province. This partnership does not only foster and further the friendly relations between the two countries but also improve the strategic standing of both nations in the Gulf region which is very important for energy and economic factors. Therefore, the China-Pakistan alliance presents considerable consequences for the shift in the gulf area. Strengthening of Sino-Pak relationships improves the strengths in terms of bargaining for both the countries in the gulf and provides them with secure supply of energy along with other economic incentives. This partnership also affects the structures of securing the Gulf region by Chinese expanding their naval forces in the Indian Ocean and Pakistan on the other side has military bonds with Saudi Arabia and UAE exclusively. Hence such cooperation may offset other hegemonic players such as India and or US and contribute to order by eradicating terrorism and enhancing marine security in the region. However, new trends in the configuration of the Gulf region pose threats as well as possibilities for the China-Pakistan axis. Negotiating regional animosities, particularly with Saudi Arabia and Iran, is delicate work that requires soft power. Also, the ongoing efforts by some of the Gulf States to diversify their economy from over reliance on oil to other such sectors as information technology and renewable energy provides further opportunities for business partnerships. By doing so and by handling challenges arising from the regional antagonism, the China-Pakistan strategic partnership can be an important factor towards reformulating the destinies of the gulf region’s stability and prosperity.

Keywords: China, Pakistan, Gulf Region, Hegemony, Regional Antagonism

The Role of Society in Child Rearing and Personality Development: In the context of Madni Society

Mehmood Elahi — 2024-07-07

In the complex history of human civilization, the role of society is key in shaping the character and personality of individuals. This effect is particularly evident in the context of a Madni society, where adherence to religious principles and moral values play a central role in the upbringing and development of individuals, especially children. The term "Madni" is often associated with the teachings of the Islamic faith, which emphasizes a harmonious and virtuous lifestyle. Child education and personality development in a Madni society extends beyond family boundaries to encompass the wider community beyond mere individual endeavors. The values and norms upheld by society act as a remote, guiding parents, educators and community leaders in instilling a sense of morality and spirituality in children. The interconnectedness of individuals within this social fabric creates an environment where the holistic development of the child is not only valued but also pursued as a collective responsibility. The essence of Madni society in which religious teachings are emphasized in the formation of morals from a young age. The Qur'an and Sunnah, as sources of guidance, provide a comprehensive framework for ethical behavior and righteous living. Parents and educators adopt the principles of Madni society to inculcate values such as honesty, compassion and integrity in children. Integrating religious teachings into daily life becomes the cornerstone for nurturing a strong moral foundation. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of religious teachings, especially teachings derived from the Qur'an and Sunnah, on the education of children in Madani society and to explore the role of educational methods in imparting cultural values and moral principles to children. The study includes a nuanced understanding of the formation of children's education in Madni societies, religious teachings, communal support structures, and interrelated elements highlighting the effectiveness of educational practices. These insights can serve as a valuable resource for parents, educators, and community leaders who want to expand their role in promoting children's holistic development.

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Analytical Study of the Reasons for Conversion to Islam by New Muslims in the Modern Era and the Impact on Their Own Societies

Muhammad Aslam Rabbani — 2024-07-07

This research article delves into the multifaceted reasons behind the conversion to Islam by individuals in the modern era and examines the profound impacts of these conversions on their respective societies. The study is segmented into three key areas of focus: Female Converts: This section investigates the reasons why women choose to convert to Islam and explores the subsequent changes in their personal, social, and community lives. It assesses the influence of Islamic teachings and community support on their empowerment and identity formation, as well as the challenges they face during and after their conversion. Religious Figures: The study analyzes the societal impacts when religious leaders or influential figures from other faiths convert to Islam. It looks into the motivations behind their conversion, the reactions from their previous religious communities, and the broader implications for interfaith dialogue and religious dynamics within their societies. Political Figures:This segment explores the consequences of political figures embracing Islam. It examines the political, social, and cultural ramifications of such conversions, including changes in public policy, shifts in political alliances, and the influence on public perception and media portrayal of Islam. By providing a comprehensive analysis across these dimensions, the research aims to offer a nuanced understanding of how conversions to Islam are reshaping social structures, cultural narratives, and individual lives in contemporary societies. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on religious conversion, identity, and societal transformation in the modern world.

Keywords: Conversion to Islam, modern era, female converts, societal impact, religious and political figures.

Urdu translation of Musarrat Kalanchvi's fictional collection "Uchi Dharti Jihka Asmaan"

Dr. Zahid Akhtar Shaheen — 2024-07-11

The Saraiki language, historically spoken in southern Punjab, emerges as a notable entity amidst the manifold literary riches spanning diverse linguistic domains, inclusive of Pakistan. Translation, functioning as a catalyst, amplifies the expansiveness and opulence inherent within multilingual literary traditions. Through the medium of translation, not only are affective states conveyed, but also the transmission of ideational constructs across linguistic boundaries is facilitated, thereby enriching the panorama of expressive potentialities. The translation of Musarrat Kalanchvi's Saraiki fictional Collection, "Uchi Dharti Jhika Asman," into Urdu, serves as a conduit for articulating the grievances particular to the Saraiki milieu, with a particular emphasis on the concerns of its female populace. This process engenders an immersion of their affective and cognitive landscapes within the national idiom, thereby democratizing access to their intellectual capital and extending its reach to a broader readership constituency.

Key Words: Saraiki, South Punjab, Translation, Musarrat Kalanchvi, Fictional collection, Uchi Dharti Jhikka Asman, Urdu, Saraik, Female populace, Grievances, literature.

The Importance of Conserving Natural Resources: Insights from the Seerah

Dr. Ayesha Jadoon — 2024-06-30

This paper seeks to understand the importance and sustainability of natural resources using the background of the Seerah of the Holy Prophet of Islam (PBUH). On environmental aspect the Seerah has numerous lessons that focus more on the concepts of the inherent worth and moral obligation of human beings on the environment. Now, when turning to specific episodes and sayings of the Prophet and their analysis in the framework of the given research, it becomes possible to conclude that the comprehensiveness of the thinking of the Prophet was another successful strategy in solving the ecological problem. In this regard, the beliefs and practices fostered at the time of the Prophet have been normalized to provide modern environmental ethics indices. According to Seerah, the protection of natural resource entails the dos and don’ts of the consumption of natural resources where the consumption patterns is regulated, the distribution is fair as well as the protection of natural resources against excessive exploitation. Unemployment: These examples include the Prophet’s response to his natural surrounding and instructions on the use of the land and sparing of water the findings of the study therefore show that these Prophetic teachings are relevant in the current world to solve ecological problems. Finally, this study concludes the need to apply theories translate from the Seerah into today’s environmental initiatives and regulatory frameworks. It thus invites the global Muslim population to look to the vast Islamic tradition and return to responsible stewardship of God’s creations, with the goal of promoting both environmental health and human spirituality. Conclusively, the findings provide key insights into how faith and environment relations posits the communities to practice what Prophet Muhammad directed in adherence to the preservation of the earth for the next generations.

Keywords: Natural Resources, Preservation, Seerah, Prophet's Legacy, Environmental Ethics

Status of Woman in Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism; A Comparative Study

Muhammad Muneer — 2024-07-20

Woman is half of humanity. Male is representing one part of humanity and the second part is interpreted by a woman. By ignoring the woman, whatever system is created for mankind, it will be flawed and incomplete. We cannot imagine a society, which consists of men alone and in which women don't be need. Islam is a great religion, which advises to pay the rights of the people. And in this religion, women have a high position. Whether a woman is a mother or a sister, a wife or daughter, all of them have been given a high position and status in Islam, according to their respective ranks. In Islam, women are given religious, social, political, national and economic rights. In Hinduism, woman is the source of all kinds of sin. For religion and worship, she is an obstacle, the source of all evil and iniquity. A woman's heart drawn towards evil and full of evil thoughts. According to the teachings and beliefs of Buddhism, women caste hinders the performance of religious duties. To attain Mukti and Salvation, distance from her is necessary. Woman is a major obstacle in the way of salvation.

Keywords: Woman, Ranks, Obstacle, Salvati

The Impacts of AI in Learning at Undergraduate Level

Abid Waqar — 2024-07-21

This paper explores the phenomenon of the impacts of artificial intelligence on learning at the undergraduate level. It investigates how AI affects teaching strategies, administrative procedures, and the efficiency of learning at the undergraduate level. Recent technological advancements have explored the idea the idea that AI in higher education is part of the fabric of universities. Undeniably, it analyzes how AI improves students' motivation and engagement through immersive learning experiences made possible by virtual reality and argumentated reality.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Undergraduate Level Education, Machine Learning

The Responsibility to Protect and the Plight of Afghan Refugees: Examining the Gaps in International Law

Rahat Ullah — 2024-07-23

The events in Afghanistan in August 2021 concerning the Taliban’s power led to one of the most urgent questions regarding the protection of refugees and forced displacement. Over this event, the principle of Responsibility to Protect (R2P or IFR) has come to the agenda that focuses on the prevention of such acts and the protection of people who are potential targets of group violence. The Afghan case shows that despite the critical mission of R2P, there are significant shortcomings when it comes to applying it in practice, thus demonstrating the weaknesses and incoherencies in the international approach to the Afghan issue. The rushing fall of Afghan government and subsequent evacuation of residencies paved way for these shortcomings to be realized. R2P demands the international community to step in when a state is unable to protect its own people from genocide, war crimes, criminal expulsion, and crimes against humanity. In the IRAQ, constant insecurity existed and immediate dangers to the lives of millions of people were seen with the return of the Taliban government in Afghanistan, including women, children and minorities. Thus, the down side of this report embraces the fact that the international intervention of this crisis has been untidy and incoherent in physical terms owing to the R2P theoretical frameworks disconnect from its application. Some countries have had a hard time to grant asylum and the necessary support to Afghan refugees which explain real-life failures in the implementation of R2P principles in humanitarian crises. The situation of Afghan refugees has clearly revealed that there is a dire necessity for solid framework of international protection for the persecuted people. The faults of the present form of R2R approach, or the lack thereof in the context of evolving and diverse scenarios like Afghanistan, carry implications on the need for rethink and proper reform so that the international community will be prepared for timely and harmonized action. Therefore, ensuring that the realities on the ground, during conflicts of the future correspond to the commitments in the international legal instruments is a paramount necessity for preserving the notion of human rights and humanitarian protection. The study of Afghanistan presents a historical narrative that still raises the issue of the difference between coined perception and reality, which provides an opportunity to develop and improve ideas on the protection of the weak population in the future.

Keywords: Refuges, International Law, R2P Principles, Afghans, Human Rights

Emigration Implications for Economic Growth and Human Capital Formation

Dr. Muhammad Sarfraz Khan — 2024-07-23

Brain drains has always been considered an ominous aspect of the developing nations, whereby talented individuals of developing nations move to settle in a developed nation in order to have better employment and growth opportunities. The debate on brain drain is inconclusive and certain authors consider it positive for developing economies due to remittances and diaspora effects; others consider it bad because of flight of skilled human resource. I used data from developing economy of Pakistan between 1979-2017 and found that although emigration has negative implications for Pakistan, remittances of expatriates contributes positively towards economic growth of country. Further, it was also found that emigration or remittances did not have any influence on human capital formation. The study concluded that emigration is not bad for developing countries and recommended that expats should be encouraged to send more remittances to Pakistan.

KEYWORDS: Brain Drain, Emigration, Remittances, Pakistan

Personalization and Institutionalization of Social Contract: Structuralism in the Social Contract of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau

Tahir Ahmad — 2024-07-23

The study applies structuralism's theory to the social contract to examine how societies evolve and undergo revolutionary changes. A relationship is referred to as structural when two units or elements are related in a way that allows them to transmit equivalent identities upon one another. The interpretations of the state of nature and the social contract provided by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau can be viewed as structural based on this argument. Personalised social contracts refer to those in which a government has absolute power, while institutionalised social contracts refer to forms of governance that are based on accountability, majority consensus, and general will. The paper is based on qualitative analysis with logicism and thematic analysis.

Keywords: Institutionalization, Personalization, Structuralism, Reforms, Evolution, Objective rule of law, Socialization of mankind, Authorization

The Rise of Populism and The Political Economy of Pakistan

Anwar ul Mustafa Shah — 2024-07-23

Pakistan's political landscape has witnessed a recent surge in populist rhetoric and movements. This research investigates the link between this phenomenon and the country's specific political economy. It argues that widespread economic anxieties, fueled by income inequality, limited opportunities, and perceived elite capture, have created fertile ground for populist appeals. While populism in Pakistan often champions social welfare programs and projects a narrative of fighting for the common man, the long-term economic consequences of these policies require scrutiny. Populist leaders might prioritize short-term gains over sustainable economic reforms, potentially impacting foreign investment and fiscal stability. Additionally, populist rhetoric can exacerbate social divisions and undermine democratic institutions, raising concerns about minority rights and political stability. However, populism also presents opportunities for challenging the status quo and addressing genuine public grievances. Populist movements can highlight issues of economic marginalization and demand greater accountability from the state. They can also foster a sense of political participation among previously disengaged segments of society. Analyzing the complex interplay between populism and Pakistan's political economy is crucial for understanding the country's future development trajectory. By addressing economic inequalities and promoting inclusive political participation, Pakistan can navigate the challenges and potential benefits of populism towards a more equitable and democratic future.

Keywords: Populist Theory, Populist Leaders, Political Economy, Economic Development, Democracy

Cannibalism and Islamic Doctrine of Protection of Life and Wealth Cited in the Encyclopedia of Religion (Lindsay Jones): A Comparative Study

Dr. Sadna Zeb — 2024-07-30

Cannibalism is a practice that has remained sensitive in many societies and in history has an interesting relationship with Islamic law that prohibits the taking of the life or wealth of other people as highlighted by Lindsay Jones Encyclopedia of Religion. This paper seeks to discuss some of the cultural and religious differences within cannibalism and expanded the knowledge that Islam only permits the consumption of human flesh in exceptional situations for instance when the person is starved to death. Cannibalism in the historical context is analyzed considering such case studies as the Siege of Baghdad in 1258 and the Siege of Ta if in 630 AD to describe the ethical and moral factors that might have influenced the use of this practice at the time. The work also focuses on the psychological plane where the motifs of cannibalism signify and where the dichotomy between self and other is highly fluid. But in modern days, this research becomes vital as the expansion of globalization and shift in the culture’s social expectations bring into question the true intent of cannibalism by the Muslim community. It is up religious scholars to explain and give insight on anti-cannibalism legislations in the religion as it has tolerance, fairness and human dignity. This proves the assertion that none of the religions of the world or the Islam recognize such actions and reaffirms the ban on cannibalism. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that various forms of cannibalism are still present in today’s societies in some shape or form, whether symbolic or metaphoric, which makes it crucial for ethicists to keep evaluating it. The criminals studied recommend that although cases of modern day cannibalism might not be commonplace, the issues of moral and ethology may still effectively exist. Subsequent research could establish the occurrences of the practice in the era of the Muslim-majority population and ethical dilemmas in Arabian societies. Therefore, it can be said that this study has indeed shed some light and contributed to the analysis of the practical ethical and moral questions related to cannibalism, directly contrasting it with the Islamic principles. Thus, by revealing the discrepancy between cannibalism and the religion of Islam, the created study enhances the understanding of the given universal ethical issues, which stem from the fact that no religion allows such horrific actions.

Keywords: Cannibalism, Historical, Analysis, Religious, Islamic Principles, Human Dignity, Symbolic, Metaphoric, Effectively Exist, Horrific Actions

Bridging the Gulf: The Inclusion of English Language in Pakistani Madrassas Education

Qaisar Hayat Khattak — 2024-07-30

This article highlights the incorporation of English language education into Pakistani madrassas
and its consequences for relating cultural splits. It explores the importance of English language
expertise in the current international setting and inspects the existing status of English language
education in madrassas. Issues subsidizing to the breaches between madrassa and conventional
education systems are analyzed, together with the probable benefits of English language expertise
for individuals in KPK Province of Pakistan. The article presents conclusions representing
advantages for English-proficient madrassa students and make available recommendations for
madrassa organization and the KPK government. Finally, the inclusion of English language
education in madrassas is represented as a corridor towards greater intercultural indulgent and
prospects for personal and social progression.

The Role of Indigenous Knowledge and Practices in Fostering Climate Resilience: A Historical Analysis

Dr. Syed Waqar Ali Shah — 2024-08-06

This research aims to review the past interactions between indigenous peoples and the environment by regarding the discourse of resilience that emerged in colonial, modernist, and climatically fluctuating circumstances. Thus, the methodology of cognitive anthropology, based on the comprehensive identification of indigenous lifeways, cultures, and environmental knowledge systems, reveals several important parameters that describe the relevance of indigenous point of view to the modern practices of climate adaptation and mitigation. The results stress the need to identify indigenous peoples’ knowledge systems in tackling climate change to enhance sustainable development paradigms by stressing partnership, cultural understanding, and capacity enhancement. In addition, the study urges the need to invest in more research and action on indigenous-led responses to climate change adaptation including the need for more capacity development, knowledge exchange, and advocacy for indigenous rights and recognition. By focusing on indigenous knowledge and views regarding climate action efforts, policymakers, and practitioners can ensure more equitable, inclusive, and effective responses to climate change while honoring the rich diversity of cultures, knowledge systems, and ways of life that enrich our global community.

Keywords: Indigenous knowledge, Climate resilience, Environmental change, Sustainable development, Indigenous rights.

Southeast Asia's Response to The Us-China Rivalry: A Study of Regional Institutions and Initiatives

Kashif Ali Mahesar — 2024-08-13

The growing competition between the United States and China is of great significance for Southeast Asia, turning the region into the space of superpowers’ confrontation. Due to this geopolitical tension, the Association of South East Asian States (ASEAN) and South East Asian’s countries have forged several regional intergovernmental organisations and other measures that help the formation of economic communities to increase their security and to maintain the strategic balance. In this paper, these efforts shall be critically discussed and analyzed with regards to their ability to inhibit the negative effects of the US-China rivalry on the area of concern with special emphasis on stability and growth. This analysis is based on the important regional organizations as the ASEAN, the RCEP, and the ASEAN Defense Ministers ‘Meeting Plus or the ADMM+. Also, the study explores extraordinary measures such as the Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity as well as the Initiative for ASEAN Integration. Through their analyses, the research evaluates these frameworks’ purposes in building up Southeast Asia and contributing to the establishment of a common regional front. This paper employs both quantitative and qualitative research approaches for an all-round assessment of these regional endeavours’ contribution to economic resilience and collective security within great power competition. The analysis presented in the paper highlights the advantages and weakness of Southeast Asian approach towards the US china competition. On the positive side, organisations like the ASEAN and effort like the MPAC have played key roles of driving economic integration and infrastructural integration to complement the regional integration. However, as for the limitation of the study, the research also finds out the impact of different national interests and external dependence as the barriers for the integrated implementation of these regional strategies. Thus, these institutions and initiatives call for a stronger regional solidarity as well as the improvement of their operational performance. In the final policy implications, the research calls for enhanced cooperation and analyzed diversification for a better streamlined and stronger Southeast Asia to effectively deal with uncertainties emanating from great power contestation.

Keywords: Southeast Asia, US-PRC Rivalry, Regional Structures, Policy Implications, Regional Solidarity

The Imposition of FCR in Gilgit Baltistan and Its Impacts on the Region

Muneer Ahmed — 2024-08-13

Gilgit Baltistan (GB) a region of strategic importance bordering China, Afghanistan, and, Indian-administered Ladakh, has been a subject of contention since its annexation by Pakistan in 1947. This paper scrutinizes the imposition of the Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR) in GB and its overwhelming impacts on governance, social conditions, and political identity. Primarily under self-rule, GB promptly shifted to Pakistani control, marked by the imposition of FCR—a colonial-era law concentrating administrative, judicial, and political authority under a Pakistani appointed political agent. This centralization disregarded local governance structures and worsened socio-economic disparities, continuing a feudal system, and limiting development. The region's complex status in relation to the Kashmir issue further confuses its political identity, as GB proclaims a distinct cultural heritage despite historical links. Insights from interviews with locals underscore inherent complaints and aspirations for autonomy and development. This study contributes to understanding GB's historical path, the legacy of FCR, and its consequences on governance reforms and socio-economic development in the region.

Keywords: Frontier crimes Regulation (FCR), Dogra Rule, Gilgit Baltistan, Kashmir Issue.

Ethnic and Political Dynamics in South Punjab: The Evolution of the Saraiki Movement

Maria Younas — 2024-08-16

the Saraiki ethnic group in Pakistan, is vividly characterized by its unique linguistic identity The quest for a separate Saraiki province, "Saraikistan," began in the 1960s, driven by Saraiki nationalists advocating for cultural and linguistic recognition. This movement has faced opposition from its rival of the Bahawalpur restoration movement. Political manoeuvres, by mainstream political parties, such as the Pakistan People's Party and Pakistan Muslim League, have further complicated the issue. The study explores into the socio-political background of South Punjab, highlighting the historical grievances and the rise of Saraiki ethnicity. It examines the phases of the Saraiki movement, from cultural advocacy to political activism, and its interactions with state policies, particularly the controversial One Unit scheme and its aftermath. The article concludes by outlining the ongoing struggles and fragmented efforts of various Saraiki parties in the contemporary political arena.

Keywords: Saraikistan, Ethnicity, Genesis, New Province, Dynamics, South Punjab

Challenges and Issues in the Implementation of Single National Curriculum: Perspective of Primary School Teachers

Sajid Ali — 2024-08-16

Globally, curriculum change has become a major problem. In the education sector, primary level education is the one that establishes the foundations of learning, therefore progressive improvements in that domain are critical, and curriculum creation and implementation are prominent among nations all across the world and have long advocated for a common national curriculum at the secondary level. This study intended to examine the obstacles and issues associated with the implementation of a single national curriculum from the perspective of primary school teachers in Pakistan. This study will also assist in identifying the problem of instructors in the SNC implementation process, as well as in suggesting ways for its effective implementation. In addition, this study will serve to investigate teachers' perceptions of SNC changes and improvements, as well as its efficacy in the teaching-learning process. The survey was only given to eight to ten teachers as part of the study approach used to gather information about the attitudes of primary school teachers. Tehsil City Lahore was chosen as the primary study site, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. Teachers feel that SNC will help Pakistan become a stronger and more affluent country by combating poverty, improving national unity, and reducing educational imbalance. However, due to limited resources, teacher capacity, resistance, and hurdles to quality education, adoption is challenging. It assisted us in recognizing the problem of teachers in the SNC implementation process, as well as in suggesting solutions for its effective implementation.

Keywords: Single National Curriculum (SNC), Perspective of primary school teachers, Issues in implementation of SNC, Curriculum creation and implementation

The Methodology and Style of al-Fiqh ul-Islami and Adilata: A Special Study

Muhammad Shahbaz — 2024-08-18

The evolution of Islamic jurisprudence over time has led to the development of diverse approaches, methodologies, and interpretations. Today, differences in opinion within Islamic jurisprudence are often influenced by efforts to reconstruct traditional jurisprudential frameworks that may no longer adequately address contemporary issues, such as those related to masculinity. This study focuses on one of the modern works in Islamic jurisprudence, Al-Fiqh Al-Islami wa Adillatuhu, authored by Wahbah Al-Zuhayli (1932-2015 AD). In this work, Al-Zuhayli seeks to bridge the gap between classical and contemporary jurisprudence, driven by the belief that traditional interpretations may fall short in addressing current challenges. By integrating classical interpretations with contemporary methods, Al-Zuhayli aims to maintain consistency in his approach. This paper explores various aspects of his jurisprudential contributions to provide insights into his methodology.

Keywords: Wahbah Al-Zubayli, Islamic Jurisprudence, Ijtihad, Islamic Revival.

Critical Analysis of Muslim Feminist Amina Wadud's Objections Regarding the Issues of Inheritance and Testimony

Dr. Maryam Noreen — 2024-08-19

The Holy Quran, the universal word of Allah, exemplifies unparalleled justice and equality. Our beliefs are grounded in the Quran and Hadith, making it crucial to evaluate all thoughts and actions according to these sources. Despite the Quran's and Hadith's superiority over human concepts, Western attempts have aimed to erode Muslim trust in these texts. Muslim women today are increasingly drawn to Western feminism, often disregarding their own perspectives. This shift is driven by the West's rejection of traditional interpretations and the push for feminist re-interpretations of the Quran. This has led to ideological conflicts in Muslim societies, benefiting non-Muslims. Modern Muslim women linked to feminism challenge existing religious concepts, seeking social change and contemporary validation within Islamic teachings. Muslim feminist Amna Wadud advocates for feminist perspectives through the Quran, and this discussion critically evaluates her views on inheritance and testimony in the Islamic context.

Keywords:Quran, Western Feminism, Ideological Conflict, Amna Wadud, Inheritance, Testimony

The Prophet's Model of Consultation: A Democratic Approach

Shabnam Fazal — 2024-08-20

This paper aims at exploring the nature of Islamic Consultation, or shura, as practiced by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It explains how Prophet Muhammad was actually remarkably democratic in his governance and how the so called ‘Western’ models of democracy were in fact mimicked by the author of the book after hundreds of years of the Prophet’s rule. Thus, understanding the verses of the Quran and the hadiths that emphasize the role of shura, the work reveals how the Prophet consulted the community in decision-making. It examines certain cases of consultation in the early Islamic state and shows how the Prophet consulted and sought the agreement of the people. Unlike the traditional history books, this research is not only a narration of the historical events but it also draws a line between and among the principles in shura and the principles in the modern democracy. This paper discusses the problems that may be associated with the adaptation of shura in today’s society, its possibilities. As the paper winds up, the author calls for implementation of consultative governance into the modern political systems to increase democracy, inclusiveness and leadership efficiency. Thus, by considering the Prophet’s model of consultation as the earliest form of democratic process, this work provides new knowledge about the Islamic political theory and its potential for the modern political systems. It strengthens democracy and knocks down the idea of Islam being incompatible with the modern democratic world; it also gives a convincing argument for the modern application of shura.

Keywords: Shura, Governance, Prophet’s Model, Democratic World, Political Theory

Sadd Ul Dharai And Modern Financial Contracts: Re-Defining Limits

Sajida Faraz — 2024-08-20

Various Islamic financial contracts have been utilized for business transactions, investments, and dispute resolution, particularly in bank-related business operations for regulatory purposes. However, the expansion of the banking sector has led to numerous legal challenges. As a result, the demand for an Islamic legal system with a specialized approach is increasing. Conducting contracts in a traditional, non-Islamic manner can harm both customers and banks, as it raises the risk of entering into interest-based agreements. It is forbidden to use legal tools or any other means to further the illicit interests of clients. However, there are legal ways to convert illegal tactics into lawful ones. The application of Islamic financial contracts that support illicit means is prohibited by the principle of Sadd ul Dharai. This research study aims to prevent financial contracts from using any illicit tactics. There is no room for doubt or error when applying Sadd ul Dharai to these financial arrangements to ensure business is conducted in an Islamic manner. Islamic banks prohibit illegal contracts and use only lawful strategies with all legal instruments.

Keywords: Sadd ul Dharai, legal fiction, Islamic financial contracts, interest, illegal means.

The Impact of Emerging Technology on warfare; A Case Study of Russo-Ukraine War

Hajra Khan — 2024-08-21

This research aims to analyze the impact of emerging technologies on the nature of warfare pattern in Russia-Ukraine war and uses the qualitative approach to study the phenomenon under discussion. However, this study uses both primary and secondary data. To analyze the future consequences of emerging technologies on nature of warfare, this study uses the new approach of techno-politics in the sphere of IR as these technologies show the transformation in dynamic nature of military tactics and politics. This research found the impact and influence in ongoing Russia- Ukraine War and is a clear example of using emerging technologies in Eurasian Region. However, the main findings are the uses of emerging technologies i-e unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and electronic warfare has reshaped traditional notions of warfare. Furthermore, new complexities have been brought by the integration of autonomous systems and artificial intelligence (AI), challenging conventional notions of human agency and decision-making in military operations. Thus, the success of Russian Federation with the use the technological weapons and causalities is a direct and clear evidence of how the emerging technological weapons can be an effective and efficient tool to achieve national interest. From this analytical research, it can be concluded that the development of technological weapons not only resulted into the positive impact on society but also negatively affected modern conflict, such as seen in the Russia-Ukraine War. However, future recommendations include funding R&D to strengthen defenses against cyber-attacks, encouraging international cooperation to control the deployment of autonomous weaponry, and cultivating cross-domain collaboration to foresee and resolve new issues in contemporary warfare.

Keywords: Emerging Technologies, Russia-Ukraine War, Warfare, Technological Weapons, National Interest

The Shrines Economy: A Case Study of Religious Tourism in Pakistan

Sarmad Aftab Lashari — 2024-08-21

Religion is an essential aspect of the Pakistan culture, and this country has many shrines that millions of people hold sacred. This research will concentrate on the economic aspect of these holy places to analyse the aspect of religious tourism in the nation’s economy. Based on relationships with key shrines and their surroundings, this work evaluates direct and indirect monetised impacts, such as donations and offerings, as well as other revenues, including businesses. It also looks at the jobs offered through shrines including shrine management, restaurants and transport companies. The study also shows that religious tourism has the potential of encouraging cross cultural and contact between the religious tourists. Besides the economical factor, this study explores the issues that have an impact in the shrines economy such as; facilities/accommodation, security and the effects on the environment. It provides guidelines on how to get the best of shrines economically without reducing their religious and cultural significance. For this purpose, the study’s outcome may be beneficial for the policymakers, the players of the tourism industry as well as the shrine management to unleash the potential of Pakistan’s shrines for tourism induced economic development and cultural preservation. It is therefore the aim of this research to contribute to religious tourism literature by evaluating the shrines economy of Pakistan. This paper gives an economic perspective of these sacred sites, their viability for development and the possibility of developing sustainable tourism. This research therefore has a potential of coming up with right policies that will be useful in promoting religious tourism with a view of enhancing economic growth and unity in Pakistan.

Keywords: Shrine, Economic Growth, Cross Cultural, Religious Funding, Religious Tourism.

Global Health Crises a Blessing in Disguise for Inevitable International Collaboration Regarding Public Policy and Global Governance

Dr. Noor Fatima — 2024-08-29

Global health threats like the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the necessity of improving cooperation in international public policy and global governance. These crises force more people and countries, international organizations and civil society to act in a way that has never been seen before. Analyzing the relations between GHEs and collaboration this paper also aims at stressing the importance of effective governance to tackle the threats which are global in nature. It affirms that despite the fact that these crises reveal major vulnerabilities in existing structures, they are also moments of opportunity for building up international institutions and frameworks, creating a health treaty for global health emergencies and advancing rational and reasonable access to medical countermeasures. The paper also stress on the need to develop resources for early reporting systems, speedy reaction procedures, and cooperation between governments and companies in order to create strong world health systems that will be ready for future profound tasks. Civil society and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are also included as key actors, with their function being highly highlighted as important linkages between the communities, governments and the world bodies. These organizations are very important in implementing services, advocating for policies, and also holding state actors accountable especially in the areas where they may not have access or authority. Non-Governmental Organisations and civil society organisations are involved in lobbying on health promotion and advocating for health equity and increased accountability of governments to policy commitments. These organizations come in and fill some of the most important voids during these health disasters and make sure that the targeted groups are well taken care of. Therefore, the paper asserts that the achievements made from recent multi-stakeholder global health partnerships must be sustained through continued support for global health and governance systems. The protection of health is in the contemporary world is in a vulnerable state and requires the collective efforts of nations and global organizations in order to put up a system that will be able to meet the emerging health challenges. By fostering a more united approach, the global community can ensure that the lessons learned from past crises are applied to create a stronger foundation for future health challenges, ultimately contributing to a healthier, more equitable world.

Keywords: Global Health, Global Governance, Public Policy, Civil Society, NGO’s.

Motives and Remedies of Jaranwala Tragedy: A Specific Study in the Light of the Penal Code of Pakistan

ڈاکٹر حافظ محسن ضیاء قاضی — 2024-08-30

This paper looks at the fundamental ideas that form the basis of religion and are shared by all prophets, from Prophet Adam (A.S.) to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Fundamentally, religion is the propagation of these universal truths that eliminate divisions and bring people together. Given that all Prophets communicated the same heavenly call, their common message emphasises the importance of respect between all religious traditions.The author makes the case that mutual tolerance for religious beliefs, peace, and security are essential to humanity's existence and advancement. It highlights how important it is to accept other viewpoints in order to prevent violence, strife, and injustice. Islam's teachings support this understanding and caution against abandoning interfaith tolerance, citing terrible incidents such as the Jaranwala incident as only one example. This article provides an overview of these problems and suggests fixes based on Pakistani law and Islamic teachings.

Keywords: Islam - Religion of Mercy; Jaranwala Incident; Pakistan Penal Code; Tolerance for Religions; Intercultural Harmony

Comparative Analysis of the Concept of Narcissism from the Perspectives of Modern Psychology and the Teachings of Imam Al-Ghazali

Humera — 2024-09-02

This research paper presents a comparative analysis of the concept of narcissism from the perspectives of modern psychology and the teachings of Imam Al-Ghazali, one of the most influential scholars in Islamic philosophy and spirituality. Narcissism, characterized by excessive self-love, egoism, and a lack of empathy, has been extensively studied in the field of psychology, where it is often viewed as a personality disorder with significant implications for mental health and interpersonal relationships. In contrast, Imam Al-Ghazali, writing in the 11th century, approached the concept of excessive self-regard from a moral and spiritual perspective. His works, particularly those on ethics and the purification of the soul (Tazkiyah al-Nafs), offer deep insights into the dangers of egotism and the importance of humility in achieving spiritual growth. This paper explores the intersections and divergences between these two viewpoints. It begins by outlining the psychological understanding of narcissism, including its symptoms, causes, and treatment approaches. The paper then examines Imam Ghazali’s treatment of the self, ego, and moral discipline, highlighting his teachings on the perils of narcissism and the virtues of self-restraint and self-awareness. By comparing these perspectives, the research aims to provide a holistic understanding of narcissism that incorporates both modern psychological insights and classical Islamic wisdom. The study also reflects on how Imam Ghazali’s teachings can contribute to contemporary discussions on mental health, particularly in addressing issues of self-centeredness and moral decay in modern society.This comparative analysis underscores the relevance of integrating spiritual and psychological approaches in addressing complex human behaviors. It concludes that while modern psychology provides a clinical framework for understanding and treating narcissism, Imam Ghazali’s insights offer valuable guidance on cultivating humility and moral integrity, which are essential for both individual well-being and societal harmony.

Keywords: Comparative Analysis, Narcissism, Perspectives. Psychology, Imam Al-Ghazali

A Research Review of Halal Tourism, Prospects and Issues in Pakistan

Dr. Sabir Ullah — 2024-09-04

Halal tourism is a new and Islamic term of the 21^st century, which is used in modern times for recreational activities in accordance with Islamic principles. In general, in both ancient and modern terms, travel, tourism, sightseeing, sports, any Participating in festivals, performing religious duties and traveling to holy places is called "tourism". In modern and contemporary Islamic terminology, "Halal Tourism" is used for tourism that meets Shariah requirements. A person is in the state of travel, even if in the state of residence, their stay, food and mutual transactions in both cases do not conflict with the Holy Shariat and its guiding principles. In the world of tourism, "Halal Tourism" is also known by the names of Halal Tourism, Al-Sayaha Al-Sharia, Al-Sayaha Al-Hilal, Al-Sayaha Al-Siddiqiya llal-Muslimeen Friendly Tourism, Halal Tourism, Islamic Tourism Muslim and it is considered necessary to mention these other names here. So that the reader does not have difficulty and worry in understanding and recognizing due to different names being used for the same thing, but he should know immediately when he hears any of these names that they are all multiple names of the same thing.

Keywords: Halal, Tourism, Requirements, Person, Travel, Residence, Food, Mutual, Transactions, Principles.

Seerah-un-Nabi: A Source of Inspiration for Social Reform

Dr. Syed Maisoor Hussain — 2024-09-04

Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) Seerah is a rich source of inspiration for social justice and change and provides both, ideologies and pragmatic solutions for today’s global issues. It is the purpose of this abstract to examine and discuss how the life and the teachings of the Prophet contain a holistic paradigm for the development of ethical leadership and justice as well as the process of change in communities. From critical areas of the Seerah, this paper focuses on core aspects of Prophet Mohammed’s life, including his fight for social justice, the common good and the principle of right conduct that, when applied to today’s society, reveal the prophetic model for contemporary social change. Integral to the Seerah when it comes to social transformation is the stress laid on the ethical principles of leadership. Thus, the Prophet’s clear focus on the principles of truth, justice, and accountability can give direction to the leaders who face the challenges of contemporary states’ management based on the Islamic principles. Further, the Seerah reintroduces the virtues of social interaction and involvement in the community affairs as depicted by the collective responsibility to fight for social justice, as well as problem-solving skills on how to overcome barriers to effect change. That is why these principles are quite important at the present stage when society faces a number of challenges including inequality, corruption, and fragmentation. Standing in the context of social reform, this abstract ends with the plea of Muslims to look for inspiration in the Seerah. The solutions brought by the teachings of prophet Muhammad (PBUH) are practical and based on the principles of human justice and equity. Thus, through the application of these principles in their private and public spheres, it is possible for Muslims to become bearers of the message of the Seerah and become part of the solution to some of the problems besetting contemporary society. This work finally emphasises the significance of the Seerah as a resource for change and reform in the present world.

Keywords: Seerah, Prophetic Traditions, Social Reforms, Islamic Values, Positive Change.

?Ibn Khald?n’S Insights on Music as a Craft Perceived Within Islamic Culture

Muhammad Ilyas — 2024-09-05

Ibn Khald?n, being a philosopher of history, likely places his more plausible ideas in the context of the development of societies and civilisations and seems more like an observation about one potential source of music (Ghina) rather than a comprehensive theory about music in general and harmony effect of music in specific. ?Ibn Khald?n did not directly address the legal aspects of music, but his inclusion is indicative of his rational perspective. He viewed humans as social beings inherently inclined toward goodness. In this context, he believed that individuals should seek to fulfil certain natural desires during their leisure time. These desires could include the need for healthy relaxation, the thirst for knowledge, and the enjoyment of music. ?Ibn Khald?n considered such longings (desires) to be entirely reasonable, but this should be achieved by having good intentions when pursuing these desires. Crafts and sciences result from human thinking ability, which sets us apart from animals. On the other hand, the desire for food is rooted in our animal and nutritive instincts. Food comes first because it’s essential, and the sciences and crafts develop. The refinement of these skills and their purpose, shaped by the desires for luxury and wealth, corresponds to the level of advancement in a particular society. ?Ibn Khald?n’s discussion of music among the crafts may be attributed to his focus as a historian. He is primarily interested in the practical aspects of music, such as its creation, performance, and consumption within society at specific stages of its development. This emphasis on the craft aspect aligns with his historical perspective. This understanding of music’s origin and development is crucial; when a society accepts to integrate, music is associated with society like a basic need, but at specific phases of its evolution, music is produced, heard, and enjoyed in society. When society begins to disintegrate, music is the first element discarded as an unnecessary excess. Luxuries are typically the first to be relinquished in times of societal decline.

Keywords: Craft of music, civilisation development, societal advancement, luxury integration, societal decline.

Anti-Americanism in Pakistan: A Study of Jamait -i- Ulama-i-Pakistan’s Political Role During Gulf War I -1990-91

Dr. Zahid Ahmed — 2024-09-09

In the 20th century, which came to be known as "The American Century," the United States triumphed over communist ideology and emerged as the only superpower on earth in terms of technology, economics, military might, and social and cultural standards. The protracted Cold War had concluded in favor of the United States. Although, America and Pakistan have enjoyed amicable relations whenever American foreign policies were in line with the Pakistan’s national interests especially during the Cold War era, however, America lost the zenith and popularity of its policies particularly when their foreign policies targeted the Muslim world including Pakistan. The current study focuses on Jamait-i-Ulama-i-Pakistan's strong anti-American stance as the nation's leading religio-political party in order to support Iraq and President Sadam Hussain during the Gulf War I (1990–1991), an event that was extremely significant on both a regional and global scale.

Key Words: Gulf War I, Sadam Hussain, Anti-Americanism, Pakistan, Maulana Shah Ahmed Noorani, Jamait-i-Ulama-i-Pakistan

Gender Differences in Athlete Burnout: Analyzing Emotional and Psychological Factors Across Male and Female Athletes

Shingraf Aziz — 2024-09-12

This study investigates how felt stress and workout load impact athlete stress, focusing on reducing the impact of age and gender. In Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu, and Kashmir, 200 athletes participated in various types of sports engaged in the study. The poll assessed decline, sense of victory, and mental and physical weakness. Results showed that, in comparison to athletes with low training burdens, those with high training burdens experienced far more degrees of physical stress (M = 4.32, SD = 1.11), depression (M = 4.45, SD = 1.09), and increased decline (M = 4.29, SD = 1.17). Higher levels of physical weakness (M = 4.55, SD = 1.08), depression (M = 4.60, SD = 1.05), and a lesser sense of achievement (M = 3.82, SD = 1.12) were all observed by athletes who had a lot of pressure. The relationship between heavy training and stress was influenced by gender, with female athletes showing higher stress levels at high training loads (p = 0.03). Younger athletes showed higher degrees of stress under high-stress situations (p = 0.02). Age impacted the link between actual stress and fatigue. These results point out the importance of specific measures to address age and gender differences in the control of burnout in the sport.

Keywords:Athlete burnout, training load, perceived stress, gender differences& physical exhaustion

Biomechanical Analysis of Athletic Performance: Enhancing Training Methods in Competitive Sports

Shehneela Zaman — 2024-09-16

This study seeks to determine the impact biomechanical analysis has towards training methods in competitive sports using statistical analyses which include ANOVA, chi-square, odds ratio, and regression. The study aims at revealing biomechanical factors that affect sports performance thereby giving significant information on improvement of athletes’ abilities and reduction of injuries. The results show that when specific biomechanical treatments are applied to different athletic activities; it makes them better at sports thereby improving their performance as well as making them more well-rounded individuals.

Keywords- Biomechanical Analysis, Athletic Performance, Training Methods and Competitive Sports

Effects of Halal and Haram Food on Humans in the Light of Prophetic Medicine

Kinza Hameed — 2024-09-26

This study explores the effects of halal and haram foods on the human body from the perspective of Prophetic medicine. Islamic dietary laws distinguish between permissible (halal) and forbidden (haram) foods, which are believed to influence both spiritual and physical well-being. Prophetic medicine emphasizes the consumption of halal foods, which are prepared and consumed according to Islamic guidelines, promoting health and purity. The research highlights that halal foods, such as properly slaughtered meat and certain natural foods endorsed by the Prophet Muhammad ?, are associated with numerous health benefits, including better digestion, enhanced immunity, and overall physical vitality. Conversely, haram foods, which include items prohibited in Islam, can have detrimental effects on health, such as increased risk of diseases and digestive issues. The study integrates traditional Prophetic teachings with contemporary scientific findings to demonstrate how adherence to these dietary guidelines can positively impact human health. This comprehensive analysis underscores the importance of following Islamic dietary principles to achieve both physical and spiritual well-being.

Keywords: Halal Foods, Haram Foods, Prophetic Medicine, Islamic Dietary Laws, Spiritual Well-being, Physical Health, Dietary Guidelines.

Modification of Post-Pandemic Foreign Policy: Worldwide Priorities and Strategies

Dr. Alamgir Khan — 2024-09-26

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted international relations significantly, forcing countries to reconsider and adapt their goals and approaches. The realm has shown that these threats are intertwined and affect all aspects of global life starting from health security to the economic stability and digital diplomacy and environmental sustainability. This article aims at analysing how the crisis has contributed to the emergence of new foreign policy objectives that have emerged, including those related to health, supply chains, and climate change. It underlines the role of health diplomacy in avoiding the next outbreaks and enhancing cooperation in the global level, stressing the significance of strong multilateral structures that can effectively address the world’s challenges. Economic growth and sustainability have become two important themes, as countries try to ensure that their economies do not get shocked again through the diversification of export markets and practicing sustainable development. The article also looks at the changes in diplomacy and cybersecurity in the post-pandemic world where digital is becoming more critical and hence the vulnerability to cyber threats. In this regard, international cooperation is considered as the crucial factor to solve these cyber threats and to enhance the security of cyberspace. Furthermore, the Covid-19 crisis has highlighted the importance of the climate change and environmental concerns, which has led the states to embed these topics even further into their foreign policies. The role of rejuvenated multilateralism is also considered, as the pandemic revealed the flaws of the current system of global cooperation and the value of collective efforts. To sum up, the article states that the foreign policy should be further developed and adjusted to the new conditions of the post-pandemic world, underlining that the experience of the pandemic crisis should be taken into account in the formation of new trends in the international relations. In conclusion, this article claims that not only has the pandemic impacted the contemporary foreign policy, but it has also offered a chance to create a safer, collaborative, and long-lasting world structure. Thus, accepting these changes, countries can deal with new challenges more effectively and succeed in new opportunities that appear in the context of globalization. The aspects of agility, collaboration, and thinking ahead in the further development of foreign policy are defined as crucial for addressing future challenges in the world.

Keywords: Post-Pandemic, Foreign Policy, Global Crisis, Cyber Security, Digitalization

The Concept of Rahmatullah Al-Alamin ? and its Importance in the Establishment of World Peace

Adil Mansoor Khan — 2024-09-27

The concept of "Rahmat al-lil-Alamin" (Mercy to the Worlds) as embodied by Prophet Muhammad ? plays a pivotal role in the establishment of global peace. This research explores the profound implications of the Prophet's merciful character and actions in promoting harmony and justice across different cultures and societies. The term "Rahmat al-lil-Alamin" signifies the inclusive nature of the Prophet's mercy, extending beyond Muslims to encompass all of humanity. This concept is deeply rooted in Islamic teachings, with numerous examples from the Prophet's life illustrating his commitment to peace and reconciliation. The study examines key historical events such as the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and the Conquest of Makkah, demonstrating how the Prophet ?'s actions provided practical models for resolving conflicts and fostering international cooperation. Additionally, the research highlights the relevance of the Prophet's teachings in contemporary global contexts, emphasizing how his principles of mercy, forgiveness, and justice can address current international disputes and contribute to a more peaceful world order. The research underscores the importance of applying the Prophet's teachings to modern diplomatic and intercultural interactions. It calls for the adoption of principles derived from the Prophet's life to enhance interfaith dialogue, promote justice, and support sustainable peace efforts. By reflecting on the Prophet's legacy, this study offers insights into how his exemplary conduct can guide contemporary efforts toward achieving global peace.

Keywords: Rahmat al-lil-Alamin, Prophet Muhammad ?, global peace, mercy, reconciliation, interfaith dialogue, justice, diplomacy.

Rhetorical Aspects of Repetition in the Quranic Story (Prophet Ayyub’s Story as a Model)

Janbaz Durrani — 2024-09-30

One of the most commonly used rhetorical devices in the Quran is repetition. The repetition of words, phrases, and even entire verses emphasizes essential themes and ideas and creates a sense of rhythm, and beauty in the text. As for the repetition that occurred in the Quranic story, it is observed that the storytelling method in the Holy Quran is a brilliant and miraculous method, as a story may be mentioned in many surahs. Although some surahs may mention a single detail from the story, other scenes and incidents are mentioned in other surahs in which the same story is mentioned, whether there are many events in the story or few. Thus in each surah one finds a detail of the story that you do not find elsewhere, and each surah mentions some detail that is appropriate to the topic and context of that surah. Thus the story is mentioned in the surahs in a particular place in each surah that is appropriate for it. This article is an attempt to shed light on the phenomenon of repetition in the Qur’anic stories (with a special focus on Prophet Ayyub’s story), so that it’s rhetorical aspects may become clear and its secrets and benefits may become apparent.

Keywords- Rhetorical aspects, repetition, Quranic Story

The Trading and Usage Concepts of the Prophet Muhammad ? in the Contemporary Era

Izharullah Chishti — 2024-09-30

This research investigates the trade principles of Prophet Muhammad ? and their enduring relevance in today’s complex global market. Through an in-depth examination of the ethical and moral foundations of the Prophet's ? trading practices, the study underscores how these values particularly honesty, trustworthiness, and fairness are not only foundational to Islamic commerce but also universally applicable to modern business ethics. The Prophet's ? approach to trade emphasized the importance of mutual respect, transparency, and justice, principles that remain essential for fostering ethical business conduct in the contemporary world. The research further explores the practical application of these principles in modern-day global trade environments, providing case studies and examples that illustrate their potential to enhance trust, reduce corruption, and promote a more equitable economic system. Additionally, this study addresses how these timeless trade principles can offer solutions to some of the pressing challenges faced by businesses today, such as navigating ethical dilemmas, mitigating financial inequalities, and ensuring corporate responsibility. The findings suggest that integrating the Prophet’s ? trade principles into contemporary business practices has the potential to lead to greater integrity, sustainability, and long-term economic stability across various sectors.

Keywords: Trade Principles, Ethical Commerce, Contemporary Relevance, Business Ethics, Financial Practices, Corporate Responsibility, Economic Sustainability.