The Imposition of FCR in Gilgit Baltistan and Its Impacts on the Region

Abstract

Gilgit Baltistan (GB) a region of strategic importance bordering China, Afghanistan, and, Indian-administered Ladakh, has been a subject of contention since its annexation by Pakistan in 1947. This paper scrutinizes the imposition of the Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR) in GB and its overwhelming impacts on governance, social conditions, and political identity. Primarily under self-rule, GB promptly shifted to Pakistani control, marked by the imposition of FCR—a colonial-era law concentrating administrative, judicial, and political authority under a Pakistani appointed political agent. This centralization disregarded local governance structures and worsened socio-economic disparities, continuing a feudal system, and limiting development. The region's complex status in relation to the Kashmir issue further confuses its political identity, as GB proclaims a distinct cultural heritage despite historical links. Insights from interviews with locals underscore inherent complaints and aspirations for autonomy and development. This study contributes to understanding GB's historical path, the legacy of FCR, and its consequences on governance reforms and socio-economic development in the region.

Keywords: Frontier crimes Regulation (FCR), Dogra Rule, Gilgit Baltistan, Kashmir Issue.