Ethnic and Political Dynamics in South Punjab: The Evolution of the Saraiki Movement

Abstract

the Saraiki ethnic group in Pakistan, is vividly characterized by its unique linguistic identity The quest for a separate Saraiki province, "Saraikistan," began in the 1960s, driven by Saraiki nationalists advocating for cultural and linguistic recognition. This movement has faced opposition from its rival of the Bahawalpur restoration movement. Political manoeuvres, by mainstream political parties, such as the Pakistan People's Party and Pakistan Muslim League, have further complicated the issue. The study explores into the socio-political background of South Punjab, highlighting the historical grievances and the rise of Saraiki ethnicity. It examines the phases of the Saraiki movement, from cultural advocacy to political activism, and its interactions with state policies, particularly the controversial One Unit scheme and its aftermath. The article concludes by outlining the ongoing struggles and fragmented efforts of various Saraiki parties in the contemporary political arena.

Keywords: Saraikistan, Ethnicity, Genesis, New Province, Dynamics, South Punjab