Comparative Analysis of the Concept of Narcissism from the Perspectives of Modern Psychology and the Teachings of Imam Al-Ghazali

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Abstract

This research paper presents a comparative analysis of the concept of narcissism from the perspectives of modern psychology and the teachings of Imam Al-Ghazali, one of the most influential scholars in Islamic philosophy and spirituality. Narcissism, characterized by excessive self-love, egoism, and a lack of empathy, has been extensively studied in the field of psychology, where it is often viewed as a personality disorder with significant implications for mental health and interpersonal relationships. In contrast, Imam Al-Ghazali, writing in the 11th century, approached the concept of excessive self-regard from a moral and spiritual perspective. His works, particularly those on ethics and the purification of the soul (Tazkiyah al-Nafs), offer deep insights into the dangers of egotism and the importance of humility in achieving spiritual growth. This paper explores the intersections and divergences between these two viewpoints. It begins by outlining the psychological understanding of narcissism, including its symptoms, causes, and treatment approaches. The paper then examines Imam Ghazali’s treatment of the self, ego, and moral discipline, highlighting his teachings on the perils of narcissism and the virtues of self-restraint and self-awareness. By comparing these perspectives, the research aims to provide a holistic understanding of narcissism that incorporates both modern psychological insights and classical Islamic wisdom. The study also reflects on how Imam Ghazali’s teachings can contribute to contemporary discussions on mental health, particularly in addressing issues of self-centeredness and moral decay in modern society.This comparative analysis underscores the relevance of integrating spiritual and psychological approaches in addressing complex human behaviors. It concludes that while modern psychology provides a clinical framework for understanding and treating narcissism, Imam Ghazali’s insights offer valuable guidance on cultivating humility and moral integrity, which are essential for both individual well-being and societal harmony.

Keywords: Comparative Analysis, Narcissism, Perspectives. Psychology, Imam Al-Ghazali